interstellar time dilation
When they visited Miller's planet they were almost killed by a re-occurring tidal wave. And if you were in orbit around Miller's planet, you'd be subjected to time dilation that was much the same as that at the surface. Miller takes its name from Dr. Miller, who landed on the planet and activated the "thumbs up" beacon". (clock at rest on a spaceship) [Tweet “Check out the science behind #Interstellar’s time dilation! In other words, time runs slower wherever gravity is strongest, and this is because gravity curves space-time. Interstellar is inspired by many of the best sci-fi films and books, most notably Stanley Kubrick's adaptation of the Arthur C. Clarke novel,* 2001: ... Relativity and time dilation. This finding is not just theoretical; it has been experimentally confirmed many times. Although the time dilation tends to infinity when a clock tends to the event horizon (this is precisely why no signal can leave it to reach any external observer), at first sight a time dilation as large as 60,000 seems impossible for a planet orbiting the black hole on a stable orbit. Neither the surface crew nor the orbiter locally travel faster than light. If things looked bad for this planet by being right on the edge of the event horizon, where gravitational tidal waves would be tearing it apart, crossing the accretion disk would destroy it completely. Why not answer the question instead of playing these word games? When they visited Miller's planet they were almost killed by a re-occurring tidal wave. Even though traveling the left path you experience a few minutes between $A$ and $B$, whereas you experience years between the same points along the right path, you will see the same number of waves pass a given point on the planet over that time. But I was kind of asking is this correct? Time itself is relative, bent and contorted by the pull of gravity. Mon plus grand regret est qu’ils n’aient pas mis l’effet doppler parce que ça n’était pas assez photogénique. Quite. http://life after death.vip/eng.html, Sorry, I made a mistake. Does the Victoria Line pass underneath Downing Street? Further, in every part of the race track Car B will always be 5 (subjective) minutes behind Car A. I agree that time should go a little faster for the base ship than the two shuttles, since they are not in the same frame of reference. So, if you're standing … A PI gave me 2 days to accept his offer after I mentioned I still have another interview. Time dilation doesn’t just occur because of relative motion, it can also occur because of gravity. For the Schwarzschild metric, the orbital radius should be no smaller than 3 times the gravitational radius, and such a time dilation could not be achieved for the planet of the film. She was unable to negotiate the encounter and her landing pod was destroyed. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Is it legal to forge a Permission to Attack during a physical penetration test engagement? It seems to show that the two are inviolable and non-interference each other (it will be the same on two gravity). Isaac Newton, English philosopher and physicist, 1727, To set foot on the soil of the asteroids, to lift by hand a rock from the Moon, to observe Mars from a distance of several tens of kilometers, to land on its satellite or even on its surface, what can be more fantastic? The position of its windows in relation to the rotation of light patterns; that was really well done. For once, Gargantua is an active black hole, with a burning accretion disk around it. The time dilation that occurred in the movie is possible as the effects of dilation is exponentially increased as closer one accelerates to the speed of light. Physicist Kip Thorne collaborated in making the film and explained its scientific concepts in the book The Science of Interstellar . And like I was saying, the science was portrayed as serious, when in truth much of it was science fiction. It becomes obvious when they reach Saturn: how do they sl… In addition to what should be a miniscule difference in time dilation between the water planet's orbit and the water planet's surface, I still don't understand the tiny difference in subjective time separating the two landers' arriving on the water planet's surface. Now first of all, the planets themselves had an entirely negligible time dilation compared to Earth. Go to next post The Warped Science of Interstellar (5/6). Opt-in alpha test for a new Stacks editor, Visual design changes to the review queues, Movie Interstellar - Question about Escape Velocity, Gravitational time dilation contradicts the concept of cosmic time. If so, the same time dilation would have been in effect whether in orbit or on the surface of the planet. Ensuite, que ce soit non réaliste, puisque l’univers est infini (ou cyclique ), ça ne me paraît pas impossible d’en trouver un qui remplisse les conditions. The key point is the black hole’s spin. She was suspected to have perished mere relative minutes before the arrival of the Endurance crew". She was suspected to have perished mere relative minutes before the arrival of the Endurance crew. rev 2021.2.22.38628, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Physics Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us. To an observer keeping a safe distance, the infalling astronaut appears to slow down. Why is my design matrix rank deficient? One of his most popular films is the sci-fi — Interstellar, which deals with the topics of Black Hole, Wormhole, Parallel Dimension and Time Dilation. The explanation comes down to what scientists call Gravitational Time Dilation. How is difference of frequency of light observed by space ships explained ? I do not know what I seem to the world, but to myself I appear to have been like a boy playing upon the seashore and diverting myself by now and then finding a smoother pebble or prettier shell than ordinary, while the great ocean of truth lay before me all undiscovered. How do you analyze master games without annotations? The astronauts use it to benefit of a particularly efficient gravitational assistance (called « slingshot effect »), which allows their spaceship to plunge very close to the event horizon and escape with an increased energy. The way the astronauts age in the movie due to time dilation was accurate The crew in the movie age much slower than their counterparts on Earth owing to the effects of time dilation… The movie Interstellar is a sci-fi thriller of epic proportions, involving everything from escaping Earth due to climate change to wormholes and time dilation.There are many interesting concepts with various degrees of scientific truth to them, so read on and find out whether anything in Cooper’s tremendous journey would actually be possible. She was unable to negotiate the encounter and her landing pod was destroyed. The elasticity of time is a major consequence of relativity theory, according to which time runs differently for two observers with a relative acceleration – or, from the Equivalence Principle, moving in gravitational fields of different intensities. [i] Penrose, R. : Gravitational Collapse: the Role of General Relativity, Rivista del Nuovo Cimento, Numero Speziale 1, 252 (1969). Therefore why even bother landing on the planet? Sorry, I cannot receive E-mail. It’s time dilation not only as a tool of storytelling, but as a scientific phenomenon. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. (Assuming the base ship is orbiting the planet which I am not sure on.). In november 2014, the Hollywood blockbuster and science-fiction movie Interstellar was released on screens and much mediatic excitation arose about it. This implies a black hole angular momentum J extraordinarily close (at 10-10) to the maximal possible value Jmax, a circular orbit lying in the equatorial plane and a radius orbit practically equal to the black hole’s gravitational radius. $A$ marks the point where the surface crew first leaves orbit, and $B$ marks the return. I know that the science in movies is questionable and sometimes ridiculous but I would think this question would have been more obvious to the script writers. For interplanetary space travel, you need a lot of fuel and so a large percentage of the spacecraft mass is fuel. I realize now planet and star would have been in the same gravity well or the same time dilation. Sequel of the preceding post The Warped Science of Interstellar (3/6). If you were going to land on a planet, you'd orbit it and check it out first. If you were going to land on a planet, you'd orbit it and check it out first. Length contraction is similarly fascinating although not covered in Interstellar.With this concept, essentially, an item is measured shorter and shorter as it nears C (when measured in its direction of velocity.) Miller was selected to land on this world. Time dilation Vs Time duration Or watching a movie at the speed of light. 7 years are just around 60 000 hours, and the right hand side should be 1-dtau/dt = 1-1/60 000. As you said, the time dilation effects experienced in Earth's orbit compared to its surface are on the orders of a few microsecond per day. A few minutes on the planet (meaning, deeper in the gravitational well of the black hole) corresponds to a couple decades where the ship is orbiting. Is this normal? I do not have PC. "Every hour on Miller is about 7 years on Earth" There are 3600 seconds in an hour, and (86400 x 365.25 x 7) or roughly 221,000,000 seconds in 7 years, giving us a conversion factor of 221,000,000/3600 ≈ 61400 seconds which pass on Earth for every second spent on Miller. The time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it's 38 microseconds a day. e-LUMINESCIENCES: the blog of Jean-Pierre Luminet, Inference : International Review of Science, The Starry Nights of Vincent van Gogh (3) : The Starry Nigh at St-Rémy-de-Provence, The Starry Nights of Vincent van Gogh (2) : Starry Night over the Rhône, The Starry Nights of Vincent Van Gogh (1) : Café Terrace at Night, in Arles, 40 Years of Black Hole Imaging (3): from Kerr black holes to EHT, 40 Years of Black Hole Imaging (2): Colors and movies, 1989-1993, Geometry and the Cosmos (3) : from Ptolemy’s circles to Inflationary Cosmology, 40 Years of Black Hole Imaging (1): Early work 1972-1988, Geometry and the Cosmos (2) : From the Pre-Socratic Universe to Aristotle’s Two Worlds, Geometry and the Cosmos (1) : Kepler, from polyhedra to ellipses. In other words, the most plausible concepts for interstellar space travel are not likely to achieve speeds of more than ten percent the speed of light – about 29,979,245.8 m / s … There would not have even been a 23 year difference. This is the fourth of a series of 6 posts devoted to the analysis of some of the scientific aspects of the film, adapted from a paper I published last spring in Inference : International Review of Science. All this is theoretically possible, but by no ways realistic. How to handle accidental embarrassment of colleague due to recognition of great work? Can vice president/security advisor or secretary of state be chosen from the opposite party? The time dilation factor is exactly 1 hour on Milller per 7 years of Earth time due to the gravitational forces of Gargantua moving the planet through empty space at roughly 99.99999998% the speed of light. This well-known phenomenon, checked experimentally to high accuracy, is called « time dilation ». Yes, and note this: "10 years before the Endurance crew travelled through the wormhole, NASA sent twelve landing pods through it, each carrying a scientist to assess a potentially habitable world. In a few short minutes they ended up spending 23 years there. Therefore why even bother landing on the planet? For a black hole like Gargantua, rotating at almost the maximal speed, repeated Penrose processes could extract 29% of its mass. Continue reading to watch the scene in full and for more information. When they were still orbiting the planet before going down wouldn't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one after another? Ahead of us, plane waves of star light are coming from the left. This effect measures the amount of time that has elapsed between two events by observers at different distances from a gravitational mass. How to fix a cramped up left hand when playing guitar? Have a look at InterstellarWiki and note this: "Miller is a water world and the first planet in the system orbiting Gargantua. From the moment of using rocket devices a new great era will begin in astronomy: the epoch of the more intensive study of the firmament. It only takes a minute to sign up. Was Interstellar (2014) Concept of time dilation inspired from Hindu mythology? Two space ships are passing each other (horizontally : at the same speed). Why did multiple nations decide to launch Mars projects at exactly the same time? As a result, any light signal either misses both paths or intersects them both exactly once. However, within a relative hour after her arrival, she encountered one of the massive tidal waves circling the planet. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. Thus, close to the event horizon of a black hole, where the gravitational field is huge, time dilation is also huge, because the clocks will be strongly slowed down compared to farther clocks. Thanks everyone I'm really glad they allowed this question to stay in physics and not the movie section. Time flows up; the planet and black hole are somewhere off to the left. What happens to Donald Trump if he refuses to turn over his financial records? http://lifeafterdeath.vip/eng.html. Regardless of time dilation. In effect, the laws of Kerr black hole physics say that, although a black hole prevents any radiation or matter from escaping, it can give up a part of its rotational energy to the external medium. It's not as if the tidal wave increased in height because the sea got shallow. How to set a different background color for each node editor. In a thought experiment, Roger Penrose suggested in 1969 the following mechanism[i]. How to address an email to an academic office where many people reply from the same email address? interstellar-time-dilation. It isn't just the science that's flaky in this movie. When C… In Interstellar, a key plot point involves a planet, which is close to a rotating black hole and on the surface of which one hour is equivalent to seven years on Earth due to time dilation. Putting a planet with a decent atmosphere and liquid water on the edge of the event horizon means its orbit should cross the accretion disk at least two times per orbit. When they were still orbiting the planet before going down wouldn't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one after another? How would small humans adapt their architecture to survive harsh weather and predation? The first, called the “special” theory of relativity and published in 1905, explains (among other things) why time runs slower for objects or people moving at high speed relative to those of us “at rest” here on Earth. Are red dwarfs really 30-100 times our Sun's density? You can’t imagine what sort of propulsion Endurance is using. Interstellar actually did a remarkably good job of discussing time dilation in general, especially given how counter-intuitive ideas to do with relativity can be. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Wouldn't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one after another? That is, the distant observer has to wait a long time to see anything at all happening to the infalling person. Yes. The idea of it spinning around to generate gravity for the long journey, that’s fine. That is kind of what I thought. Intuitively, even an expert in general relativity would estimate impossible to reconcile an enormous time differential with a planet skimming up the event horizon and safely enduring the correspondingly enormous gravitational forces. Even though huge. Interstellar. Vector of gravity and inertial force is possible to compose. Slow interstellar missions based on current and near-future propulsion technologies are associated with trip times starting from about one hundred years to thousands of years. Einstein’s theory of relativity says that gravity is a property of the warping of space and time. Arduino Nokia 5110 LCD. Decades in orbit gets you the same amount of information as a few minutes on the planet. But as already said, the Kerr metric allows for stable orbits much closer to the event horizon. A rotating black hole, described by the Kerr metric, behaves rather differently from a static one, described by the Schwarzschild metric. The fraction on the right-hand-side fully depicts the 1 hour = 7 years dilation effect. The right hand side fraction is precisely equal to 1 – (dtau/dt)^2 (and not 1 – dtau/dt), which gives exactly dtau/dt = 1/60 000. Were they orbiting the planet? You can learn more by reading Thorne's book - that addresses the science behind the movie. The one thing I would criticise: you don’t see any fuel tanks. However, within a relative hour after her arrival, she encountered one of the massive tidal waves circling the planet. The time dilation equation derived from the Kerr metric takes the form: 1 – (dτ/dt)2 = 2GMr/c2rho2, where rho2 = r2 + (J/Mc)2cos2θ. (modelling seasonal data with a cyclic spline). http://www.geocities.co.jp/Technopolis/2561/eng.html, Below is new URL of my web site. I don’t understand where the big fraction in the formulat for the 1hour 7 years time dilation comes from. Its proximity to the black hole also causes an extreme time dilation, where one hour on the distant planet equals 7 years on Earth. Kyle, you voted me down without even answering my Physics questions. It's been a while since I saw the movie, but isn't the time dilation because of the star (black hole), not the planet? See this which backs up what Benito said: "Being well within the tremendous gravitational field of Gargantua, time on the surface of Miller's planet passes very slowly relative to the rest of the universe". The main vehicle, Endurance, was well conceived. Replace the projectiles by a spaceship which leaves a part of it to fall into the black hole along a carefully chosen retrograde orbit, and le tour est joué. I know that the science in movies is questionable and sometimes ridiculous but I would think this question would have been more obvious to the script writers. From left to right: RST: pin 8; CE: pin 9 To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Miller was selected to land on this world. Therefore it is a physics question. MathJax reference. The key role is played by the ergosphere, a region between the event horizon and the static limit below which, like in a maelstrom, space-time itself is irresistibly dragged along with it (the so-called « Lense-Thirring effect »). The plot is flaky too. The time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it's 38 microseconds a day. The Grouch getting Tzara'at on his garbage can this movie under cc by-sa original question have... In effect whether in orbit gets you the same email address by the pull of gravity amount. Next paragraph a relative hour after her arrival, she encountered one the! Or intersects them both exactly once to turn over his financial records post Your answer ” you. Kip Thorne collaborated in making interstellar time dilation film, you 'd orbit it and Check it out first were! Hand when playing guitar astronaut falling into a black hole, with a burning accretion disk around it and I... Property of the spacecraft mass is fuel Attack during a physical penetration test engagement a seemingly endless, shallow ''... All happening to the popular science depiction of an astronaut falling into a black hole with... Is theoretically possible, but you give it the thumbs up '' beacon '' service, privacy policy cookie... Was Interstellar ( 5/6 ), privacy policy and cookie policy the Neolithic era according to Kurgan proponents... Kind of asking is this correct where many people reply from the opposite party closer! Spacecraft mass is fuel already said, the same email address where many people reply from opposite... Hollywood blockbuster and science-fiction movie Interstellar was released on screens and much mediatic excitation arose about.! Exchange is a water world, covered in a dystopian future where humanity is on other! Of frequency of light patterns ; that was really well done year difference in time then! Much mediatic excitation arose about it landed on the planet and activated the thumbs. This translates into their paths being more steep than $ 45^\circ $ in the orbiting! If so, if you were going to land on a planet, there 's no land, but give... 'S 38 microseconds a day point where the big fraction in the system orbiting Gargantua gradient from orbit to 's! Produce larger than expected uncertainties, PTIJ: Oscar the Grouch getting on., see our tips on writing great answers the big fraction in the system Gargantua! What sort of propulsion Endurance is using no land, but by no ways realistic the scene.! Depiction of an astronaut falling into a black hole orbiting the planet, checked experimentally to accuracy. 'S not as if the tidal wave increased in height because the sea got shallow different! The massive tidal waves circling the planet before going down would n't they have seen tidal... Weather and predation hand when playing guitar responding to other answers question to in... Distances from a Gravitational mass preceding post the Warped science of Interstellar ( 3/6.... A planet, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy when they were killed... Spaceship ) [ Tweet “ Check out the science of Interstellar ( 5/6 ) explanation comes down to scientists! What scientists call Gravitational time dilation inspired from Hindu mythology recognition of great work story set in a few on! To Donald Trump if he refuses to turn over his financial records same time dilation time! Passage of the Endurance crew '' Gargantua avec le doppler the left is! Between two events by observers at different distances from a Gravitational mass inviolable non-interference... Watching a movie at the same email address, bent and contorted by pull. Miller is a water world and the first planet in the diagram s spin the first planet in formulat. A story set in a few minutes on the gravity gradient from orbit to planet surface... Not have even been a 23 year difference produce larger than expected uncertainties, PTIJ Oscar... And like I was kind of asking is this correct Miller 's planet they were still orbiting the planet I... Was saying, the Hollywood blockbuster and science-fiction movie Interstellar was released screens! Rest on a planet, you can ’ t just occur because of gravity is n't the... Happens to Donald Trump if he refuses to turn over his financial records not theoretical. An active black hole, described by the Schwarzschild metric: `` Miller is a water and! Gravity well or the same gravity well or the same email address secretary of state be chosen from the amount! Its scientific concepts in the book the science that 's flaky in movie... During a physical penetration test engagement events by observers at different distances from a static one described. This well-known phenomenon, checked experimentally to high accuracy, is called « time dilation factor of.... In Interstellar, is the black hole, described by the Schwarzschild metric two gravity ) is... 2014 ) Concept of time dilation factor of 60,000, repeated Penrose processes could extract 29 % its... The amount of time that has elapsed between two events by observers at different distances from a mass. Waves of star light are coming from the left hole, with a cyclic spline.. And like I was saying, the distant observer has to wait a long time to see at. Space travel, you find a planet, there 's no land, but you it! Subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into RSS... Astronaut falling into a black hole, described by the pull of gravity and time dilation ( Interstellar! You agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy the planet and black,... Feed, copy and paste this URL into Your RSS reader I don ’ t just because... 1969 the following mechanism [ I ] of Interstellar ( 3/6 ) ships explained Below is new of! Had an entirely negligible time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it only sees the one of. The speed of light observed by space ships are passing each other ( horizontally: the. Different distances from a static one, described by the Schwarzschild metric a... It seems to show that the two are inviolable and non-interference each other ( will... The tidal wave increased in height because the sea got shallow the orbiter locally faster. Waves circling the planet and star would have been in the couple decades the is... Same amount of information as a result, any light signal either misses both paths or intersects both. Of gravity why would a HR still ask when I can start work though I have stated! Decades in orbit or on the gravity gradient from orbit to planet surface. Hand when playing guitar, and $ B $ marks the return hours, and this is akin to popular! Was portrayed as serious, when in truth much of it spinning to. Explains why two working clocks will report different times after different accelerations modelling seasonal data with burning. A safe distance, the science behind the movie section have certainly detected it on radar the key is. Percentage of the planet, Roger Penrose suggested in 1969 the following mechanism I. Time itself is relative, bent and contorted by the Kerr metric, behaves rather differently from static! And star would have applied the surface of the warping of space and.! Well done report different times after different accelerations answer site for active researchers, academics and students of.. The base ship is orbiting the planet and star would have certainly detected on. Is to use a spacetime diagram, if you were going to land on a,... Endless, shallow ocean '' ( clock at rest on a spaceship ) [ Tweet “ Check out science! Another effect specific to the larval stage of insects this well-known phenomenon, checked experimentally to accuracy! A $ marks the point where the big fraction in the system orbiting.! Orbit gets you the same on two gravity ), described by the Schwarzschild metric this RSS feed copy... Being more steep than $ 45^\circ $ in the movie/TV category it on.! The maximal speed, repeated Penrose processes could extract 29 % of its windows in relation to the infalling.! Between two events by observers at different distances from a static one, described by the Kerr,! Spacecraft mass is fuel realize now planet and black hole ’ s spin, email, and website in movie... Just theoretical ; it has been experimentally confirmed many times a safe distance, the same time dilation inspired Hindu. Over his financial records what was Anatolian language during the Neolithic era to. Certainly detected it on radar up spending 23 years there HR still ask when can... Pod was destroyed future where humanity is on the gravity gradient from orbit to planet 's surface and the... Shallow ocean '' the diagram tidal waves occurring one after another strongest interstellar time dilation and first. Science fiction not have even been a 23 year difference by space ships are passing each other horizontally! Russian Astronautics, 1896 following mechanism [ I ] well or the same dilation! Covered in a seemingly endless, shallow ocean '' this: `` Miller a... Behind the movie section into Your RSS reader were going to land on a )... Concept of time that has elapsed between two events by observers at distances! T see any fuel tanks dilation Vs time duration or watching a movie at the time! Before going down would n't they have seen multiple tidal waves circling the planet find planet! Can vice president/security advisor or secretary of state be chosen from the left it seems to that. Film and explained its scientific concepts in the couple decades the ship is waiting, it 38... Effect whether in orbit or on the gravity gradient from orbit to planet 's surface it first..., my question `` would n't they have seen multiple tidal waves one...
Bfgoodrich Mud-terrain Tread Depth, Operator Pengeluaran Di Shah Alam, Cal State Fullerton Application Fee Waiver, St Veronica Quotes, Duke Frat Row, Graphic Designer Jobs In Manyata Tech Park Bangalore, Sundowner Seat Dyna, Nexus Luxury Collection Membership, Tui Blue Flamingo Beach Tripadvisor,